Shergottites

Shergottites are the most abundant subgroup of Martian meteorites and represent igneous rocks crystallized from basaltic to ultramafic magmas on Mars. Their name derives from the historic Shergotty fall in India in 1865, one of the first meteorites later recognized as Martian in origin.

Mineralogically and texturally diverse, shergottites record a wide range of magmatic processes within the Martian crust and upper mantle. They are commonly subdivided into basaltic shergottites, olivine-phyric shergottites, and lherzolitic shergottites, reflecting variations in composition, crystal content, and cooling history. Together, these rocks document repeated volcanic activity on Mars over an extended geological timescale.

Shergottites are of particular scientific importance due to their relatively young crystallization ages compared to other Martian meteorites. Their study has provided key insights into Martian mantle heterogeneity, magma evolution, and the thermal history of the planet.

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