Chassignites are one of the rarest subgroups of Martian meteorites and are represented by a very small number of known specimens. Their name derives from the historic Chassigny fall in France in 1815, which remains the type specimen for this group and one of the earliest documented meteorite falls later recognized as Martian in origin.
Mineralogically, chassignites are characterized by a dominance of olivine, accompanied by subordinate pyroxene and accessory phases. Their ultramafic composition indicates crystallization from deep-seated magmas, providing rare insight into the composition of the Martian mantle. Compared to other Martian meteorites, chassignites offer a direct window into mantle-derived materials rather than crustal volcanic products.
Due to their extreme rarity and distinctive mineralogy, chassignites occupy a unique position within the broader SNC group and are of exceptional scientific importance.