Basaltic Shergottites – Martian Meteorites

The Most Common Martian Meteorites

Basaltic shergottites are the most abundant class of Martian meteorites. They are part of the broader shergottite group, which dominates the known collection of Martian samples.

Their composition and texture closely resemble basaltic rocks formed by volcanic activity, similar to those found on Earth, but originating from Mars.

Formation on Mars

These meteorites formed from lava flows or shallow magma bodies on the Martian surface. Their fine-grained or porphyritic textures reflect relatively rapid cooling after eruption.

Many basaltic shergottites are considered geologically young, having crystallized only a few hundred million years ago — relatively recent in planetary terms.

A Window into Martian Volcanism

Basaltic shergottites provide key information about:

• The nature of Martian volcanic processes
• The composition of Martian magmas
• The thermal evolution of the planet

They are central to our understanding of how Mars has evolved as a volcanic planet.

Mineralogy and Texture

These meteorites are typically composed of pyroxene, plagioclase, and maskelynite (a glass formed by shock transformation of plagioclase).

Their textures range from fine-grained basalts to slightly porphyritic structures, sometimes containing small crystals formed prior to eruption.

Well-Known Basaltic Shergottites

Several famous Martian meteorites belong to this group, including:

• Zagami
• Shergotty (the type specimen)
• Tissint (often classified as a depleted basaltic shergottite)

These meteorites have played a major role in shaping our understanding of Martian geology.

Scientific Importance

Basaltic shergottites are among the most studied meteorites due to their abundance and the information they provide about Mars. They are used to investigate:

• Volcanic activity on Mars
• Planetary differentiation
• Shock processes during ejection

They remain essential reference materials in planetary science.

Collector Appeal

These meteorites are highly desirable for collectors due to their:

• Martian origin
• Scientific relevance
• Wide range of textures and appearances

They offer an accessible entry point into collecting Martian meteorites, while still retaining strong scientific significance.

Available Specimens

The specimens presented in this category include selected basaltic shergottites, offering access to this fundamental group of Martian meteorites.

FAQ

What are basaltic shergottites?

They are Martian meteorites formed from volcanic lava flows on Mars.

Why are they important?

They provide direct evidence of volcanic activity and the geological evolution of Mars.

Are basaltic shergottites common?

They are the most common type of Martian meteorite, though still rare compared to other meteorites.

What minerals do they contain?

They typically contain pyroxene, plagioclase (often transformed into maskelynite), and other volcanic minerals.

What are famous examples?

Zagami, Shergotty, and Tissint are among the best-known basaltic shergottites.